Event Summary
The Financial Solutions for City Resilience Conference brings together delegates from 20 cities, World Bank task team leaders, technical experts from global financial advisories, and private developers to discuss and refine infrastructure financing options in the urban resilience agenda. City delegates will have access to technical experts in areas of capital budgeting, municipal finance, land value capture, and PPPs/concessions, who will discuss concepts and methods of deploying private-sector financing in the resilience-focused capital investment plans. The Conference objective is to help cities navigate a range of options for deploying private capital in resilience building and identify opportunities of mobilizing private finance in cities’ capital plans.
The conference focuses on each type of financial instrument, based on case studies of how these instruments have been used in different markets. The event will culminate in a “shark tank” event on the final day where city leaders present their investment ideas to a panel of financial advisors who will give feedback on how to structure the resilience investment opportunities. The Conference outputs will be integrated into subsequent capital mobilization efforts with the aim to further elaborate and verify the feasibility of identified infrastructure transactions and advance with transaction structuring.
The conference is hosted by the World Bank’s City Resilience Program (CRP), which aims to catalyze longer term, more comprehensive, multi-disciplinary packages of technical and financial services, building the pipeline for “Bankable” resilience building projects at the city level. CRP’s focus on private capital mobilization stems from the need for the World Bank to better support developing cities to address a significant and increasing infrastructure financing gap and links to the Maximizing Finance for Development (MFD) agenda.[1] CRP focuses on three modalities for attracting private capital to urban infrastructure investments: borrowing from capital markets and commercial sources (direct lending), concessions structuring/PPP, and mobilizing equity and innovative financing instruments through Land Value Capture (LVC).
Pre-Conference Activities
The CRP private capital team will lead an external assessment to gain a better understanding of: 1) how the city government (or any level of national or sub-national government representing city interests in the transaction) has handled a PPP transaction; 2) details on precedent transactions, including industries and delivery structures; and, 3) factors which have hindered initiation and/or implementation of PPP transactions.
The CRP private capital team will lead an external assessment of the market and regulatory environment for transactions involving the monetization of city’s land and real assets. The assessment will focus on providing a better understanding of: 1) the real estate market environment and how it enables implementation of various land value capture tools; 2) transparency of land and real estate pricing; 3) the track record of cities’ engagement in direct negotiations with private investors including deployment of land-based financing tools (development contracts with infrastructure conditions, assessing impact fees, development charges, etc.).
1. City Creditworthiness Self-Assessment
The City Creditworthiness Self-Assessment (www.citycred.org) evaluates the quality of each city’s financial management processes and access to finance. The self-assessment takes 3-4 hours and should be completed by city officials with access to information pertaining to the city’s finances.
2. Exploring each City’s Track Record in Structuring PPPs
The CRP private capital team will lead an external assessment to gain a better understanding of: 1) how the city government (or any level of national or sub-national government representing city interests in the transaction) has handled a PPP transaction; 2) details on precedent transactions, including industries and delivery structures; and, 3) factors which have hindered initiation and/or implementation of PPP transactions.
3. Survey of Enabling Conditions for Land Value Capture
The CRP private capital team will lead an external assessment of the market and regulatory environment for transactions involving the monetization of city’s land and real assets. The assessment will focus on providing a better understanding of: 1) the real estate market environment and how it enables implementation of various land value capture tools; 2) transparency of land and real estate pricing; 3) the track record of cities’ engagement in direct negotiations with private investors including deployment of land-based financing tools (development contracts with infrastructure conditions, assessing impact fees, development charges, etc.).
All three activities will be completed for each city and circulated before the Conference, by June 30. The information collected throughout these assessments will be instrumental in tailoring the agenda of the Bangkok Conference to the specific needs of participating cities, including contents of working sessions, composition of subject-specific working groups, etc. The objective is to ensure that city delegates arrive at the conference fully prepared to discuss the concrete opportunities and concrete tools in financing urban resilience projects.
Agenda & Presentations
Day 0 (Sunday, July 8)
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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6:30-9:00 |
Welcome Reception |
Day 1 (Monday, July 9)
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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8:15-9:00 |
Registration and Breakfast |
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9:00-9:15 |
Introduction and Welcome Address |
Phil Karp |
Speech |
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9:15-9:30 |
Keynote Speech Focus on how Bangkok’s resilience plan is linked to private capital mobilization, mention the Go Game! and welcome the delegates to Bangkok |
Dr. Supachai Tantikom, Bangkok Chief Resilience Officer |
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9:30-10:30 9:30-9:45 |
What the City Resilience Program Offers You: Financial Solutions for City Resilience Conference Framing: overview of participants, roles of support to city delegations (financial advisors, CRP, TTL), overview of week’s agenda, introduction to shark tank activity Financing Sources: overview of municipal sources for finance, including private capital |
Marc Forni, |
Presentation (PPT, PollEV) |
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9:45-10:05 10:05-10:30 |
CRP Capital Mobilization Overview: program overview, progress to date (video from November event), select Phase 2 city examples, end by highlighting that each city present will be eligible to receive Phase 2 support should the demand and opportunity align | ||
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10:30-11:00 |
Tea break |
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11:00-12:15 11:00-11:25 |
Review and Share City Rapid Capital Assessments Cities share their creditworthiness self-assessments; PPP readiness assessments; and LVC assessments with each other at Tables Overview of the 3 assessments, why were they completed before the conference, what they say and don’t say, and instructions for activity |
Andrey Shanin |
Presentation |
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11:25-11:40 11:40-11:55 11:55-12:10 12:10-12:25 12:25-12:30 |
Internal Review by Cities of City Rapid Capital Assessments Peer Sharing: Round 1 Wrap-up |
Facilitator: |
Shift & Share (3 Shifts) |
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12:30-1:30 |
Lunch Break |
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1:30-1:45 |
Cultural Bingo |
Haruka Imoto |
Hand-out |
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13:30-17:00 |
Go Game Private Capital Scavenger Hunt |
Elena |
Gamification |
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19:00-20:30 |
Cocktail Reception & Dinner Go Game Awards |
Day 2 (Tuesday, July 10)
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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8:50-9:00 9:00-12:30 9:00-10:00 |
Introduction and overview of day topics and objectives Presentation and Q&A Three speakers present on debt instruments, land value capture, and guarantees, each followed by a short Q&A Debt Instruments Presentation Q&A |
Phil Karp Roland White, Lead Urban Specialist, World Bank |
Speech Presentation (PPT), Q&A |
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10:00-10:30 |
Tea break |
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| 10:30-11:30 |
Land Value Capture Q&A |
Matthew Hunt, Private Capital Consultant, World Bank |
Presentation (PPT) and PollEV |
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11:30-12:30 |
Guarantees (followed by 15 min Q&A) |
Richard MacGeorge, Lead Infrastructure Finance Specialist, Financial Structures and PPPs, World Bank |
Presentation Q&A/Discussion |
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12:30-13:30 |
Lunch Break |
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13:30-15:00 |
Case studies (First Round) Case study 1: How Durban City is catalyzing urban development and ensuring city resilience using partnership model with private partner leveraging on private capital participation We will discuss how Durban city authorities (EMC) has formed a unique partnership with large private player THD (several million hectares of sugar farming land in Durban region) to catalyze city development. Practical examples of projects executed will be discussed including:
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Erky Wood, GAPP Architects & Urban Designs |
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Case study 2: Morocco industrial land/zone PPPs A joint Deloitte US and Deloitte France team conducted market and legal and regulatory due diligence to identify high potential industrial zones in the Casablanca metropolitan area, resulting in an in-depth analysis of three such industrial zones. A market assessment, legal and regulatory analysis, and infrastructure assessment resulted in financial models for zone development, as well as strategies for site-level Public Private Partnership (PPP) transactions. |
Steven Hamilton, Senior Manager, Deloitte U.S. |
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Case study 3: Land and Real Estate Asset Management Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) have a number of revenue sources including taxes, service fees and investment income – upto 50 income streams can potentially be leveraged. Cities are still evolving their approach to maximizing revenues from these various sources. The case will layout the various sources revenue; introduce high level levers for revenue maximization and asset & land monetization; and discuss how these levers were employed to actually increase revenues by over 30% in a middle eastern country. |
Christian Azoury, Associate Partner, McKinsey |
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Case study 4: Examples of guarantees deployed in sub-sovereigns from around the world The guarantee case study session will build on the Guarantees Presentation Q&A given on Tuesday morning. A series of example sub-sovereign projects from around the world that employ guarantees will be examined. The intent is to illustrate some of the many ways that guarantees can be used flexibly to help improve the cost and quality of infrastructure services. |
Richard MacGeorge, Lead Infrastructure Finance Specialist, Financial Structures and PPPs, World Bank |
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15:00-15:30 |
Coffee Break |
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15:30-17:00 |
Case studies (Second Round) Case Study 5: Learning from Wroclaw: How the City Benefits from Urban Resilience Enhancements Case study presenting how investments into flood protection and management secured Wroclaw against major flood risk (1997 flood material damages are estimated at billions of dollars) and helped the city develop enabling environment catalyzing impressive economic growth of the city and fostering private capital interest. We will discuss delivery mechanisms, financing sources and effects of investments. |
Janusz Zaleski, Former Project Director, Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project Coordination Unit Karolina Grzyb, Director of Business Support Center, Wroclaw |
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Case studies 6: Leveraging Transit Assets through Land Value Capture The Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) is the primary transit authority for the city of Boston in the United States. The Boston transit system is the oldest in the United States, and as such is in a constant need of repairs, maintenance, and capital improvements. Seeking to find new sources of revenue beyond ticket fares, the MBTA embarked on a landmark effort over 15 years ago to privatize its real estate operations. The MBTA brought in a real estate and financial management firm to conduct asset and portfolio assessments to determine how to get more out of its real estate. Through creative uses of disposition, long-term leases, P3s, lease management, advertising and telecommunication upgrades, and other efforts, the MBTA has been able to raise an additional $600M in capital from real estate operations alone. This session will focus on how the MBTA has achieved this and discuss several specific case studies of LVC and strategic real estate portfolio management. |
Matthew Hunt, Private Capital Consultant, World Bank |
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Case Study 7: Transit Oriented Development in Medellin and Honolulu HR&A delivered a funding and governance strategy for the redevelopment and future operations of Metro de Medellín’s Parque Berrío Station and surrounding open space in Medellín, Colombia’s historic center. The team presented funding and governance options reliant on private sector participation and the use of value capture tools. Options included potential leases to private retail operators, optimization of revenue from advertising, and the creation of a business improvement district. On behalf of the Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation (HART), HR&A assessed high-level and order of magnitude estimates of value from TOD and other non-farebox opportunities as part of a rapid go/no-go assessment of P3 feasibility for the construction of the final segment of the Honolulu Rail Transit Project and future operations and maintenance of the entire system. HR&A will conduct a market scan for multifamily residential in planned station areas on City and HART-owned properties with high potential for multifamily-focused TOD and prepare a series of high-level stabilized year feasibility analyses. HR&A will explore potential revenue-generating uses beyond TOD that may be delivered within, or in coordination with, stations and the path of the rail guideway. |
Amitabh Barthakur, Partner, HR&A Advisors |
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Case Study 8: Financing Solid Waste Infrastructure: Thames Tideway Project The Thames Tideway Tunnel (“TTT”) project is a 25km tunnel to run beneath the River Thames in the centre of London. TTT will connect 34 existing combined sewer overflows and prevent 70 million cubic tonnes of sewage from running into the Thames annually. The sewer will be built and operated by a private company, using private finance. The innovative PPP structure opened the door to £3bn of private finance and the case study will focus on the mechanisms used to transfer risk, which enabled it to be financed largely using private finance. |
Caroline Haynes, Partner, Estates and Infrastructure Exchange Mark Worrall, CEO, Estates and Infrastructure Exchange |
*Breakout rooms – 25th floor and 2nd floor
**Free evening for participants
Day 3 (Wednesday, July 11)
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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9:00-9:15 |
Introduction and overview of day topics and objectives |
Phil Karp |
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9:15-10:30 |
Knowledge Café Teams will rotate around five stations, which will provide brief sector overviews for public transport, water supply and wastewater treatment, energy efficiency, solid waste management, and land redevelopment |
Public Transport: Amitabh Barthakur, HR&A Partner Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: Lukasz Stanecki, PwC Energy Efficiency: PwC, Agnieszka Gajewska, PwC Partner, Capital Projects Solid Waste Management: Michael Flynn, Deloitte Ireland Partner Land Redevelopment: Steven Hamilton, Senior Manager, Deloitte U.S. Souad El Ouazzani, Director, Deloitte France |
Presentation (PPT)/Q&A |
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10:30-11:00 |
Tea Break |
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11:00-12:30 |
Clinics Each city will choose a station for discussion and advisory from resource experts – experts will highlight types of predominant transaction structures for the sectors and the relative balance between public and private investment |
Introduction: Phil Karp Public Transport: Mark Smith, Managing Partner, Deloitte Amitabh Barthakur, HR&A Partner Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: Oliver Redrup, PwC Director, Capital Projects & Infrastructure Lukasz Staneck, PwC Manager Energy Efficiency: PwC, Agnieszka Gajewska, PwC Partner, Capital Projects Solid Waste Management: Michael Flynn, Deloitte Ireland Partner Kushal Singh, Deloitte India Partner Land Redevelopment: Steven Hamilton, Senior Manager, Deloitte U.S. Souad El Ouazzani, Director, Deloitte France |
Discussion |
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12:30-13:30 |
Lunch – Networking |
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13:30-15:00 |
Case studies (Third Round) In-depth case studies will be presented concurrently in breakout rooms Case Study 9: From Crisis to Resilience: How Cape Town Averted its Water Crisis Cape Town experienced one the worst droughts in recorded history. Three years of unseasonably low rainfall saw dam levels drop below 20 percent and the prospect of day zero, when taps ran dry, becoming a reality. Tourism, agriculture and wine industries, all key drivers of the economy were badly impacted. The City’s comprehensive response, coordinated with stakeholders (national and provincial government, business, general public and civil society) helped avert the looming crisis and in the process built resilience to withstand future events of similar magnitude. |
Yogan Reddy, Partner/Director, PwC |
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Case Study 10: Implementation of energy efficiency measures in the public street lighting system with private sector participation Public street lighting system has a direct impact on the life of every citizen. It not only makes the streets safer for the citizens in the night, increased transportation and commercial activities also result in an increase in the income of the people. In India, the street lighting system has been constrained by poor quality infrastructure, sub-standard service delivery levels and high electricity consumption / bills. This presents an opportunity to improve the service delivery levels and reduce the energy consumption by implementing energy efficiency measures. The Indian cities have focused on implementing such projects with private sector participation and the case study presents the prevalent implementation models, project development cycle and benefits to the cities post implementation of energy efficiency projects. |
Sumeet Shukla, Investment Officer, IFC |
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Case Study 11: Private Sector Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Projects: Dublin Energy-from-Waste facility Deloitte served as financial advisor to the City of Dublin’s waste management PPP, a 12-year $600 million transaction. Dublin Waste to Energy PPP Project contract was executed in Sept 2014 between Covanta Holding and Dublin City Council to build, own and operate a new 600,000 metric tonne per year, 58 net megawatt Energy-from-Waste facility in Dublin, Ireland . The project agreement executed with DCC will cover 45 years of facility operations, after which facility ownership will revert to DCC. Under the project agreement, Covanta will be responsible for sourcing waste supply for the facility, which will consist of residential, commercial and industrial waste streams from Dublin and surrounding areas. During the first 15 years of operations, Dublin will share in any upside or downside in facility waste revenue relative to a baseline projection. Dublin will also share in energy revenue generated by the project for the full 45 year term of the contract. The procurement commenced in 2002, preferred tenderer was appointed in 2007 and financial close was achieved in 2014. The reason for delays included political and environmental opposition, delays in financing during global financial crisis and changes in the lead Sponsor. All of these were overcome and the facility is now operating successfully in Dublin. |
Michael Flynn, Partner, Deloitte Ireland |
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Case Study 12: Transambiental, IFC’s 1st investment in a private mass transport system operator Until 2015, Cartagena, Colombia had a chaotic, disorganized, and inefficient transport system, in need of a complete overhaul. In Nov 2015, Transcaribe - Cartagena’s Bus Rapid Transit System, started operations. Transcaribe was structuring using a PPP model with the following components: (a) the infrastructure was provided by the City; and (ii) separate private concessions for the provision of the fleet and its operation & maintenance, the system’s fare collection, and the construction of its maintenance facilities. The case study will cover IFC’s experience in providing long-term financing to Transambiental, one of the system’s private fleet operators, including the main risks & issues from a lender’s perspective. |
Ana Trujillo, Investment Officer, IFC |
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Case Study 13: Case Study of Korea: land policies that led to successful city development Korea’s land policies were goal-driven initiatives to support the economic development plans carried out by the government in the past. And like any country undergoing industrialization and urbanization, they also focused on challenges like speculation or environmental protection, and the role of the private sector in development. With the digitization of land information, policies are geared toward more open and transparent information, giving the public more access to information for healthier real estate transaction and empowering the local governments with an administration system that secures sound taxation for the cities. The session will present some of the key policies (like land valuation system, land price system, or land development promotion act) that contributed to the success of Korea’s land and urban development. There will also be a short presentation on the Korea Land Information System, which provide the data for the real estate management system today. |
Mi-Ok Chae, Ph.D., CRO and Director, Appraisal Board Research Institute Beckhee Cho, General Director for Global Business, LX Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corp. |
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15:00-15:30 |
Coffee Break |
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15:30-17:00 |
Case studies (Third round) In-depth case studies will be presented concurrently in breakout rooms Case Study 14: Singapore's approach to securing water supply leveraging on private capital participation The case study will discuss Singapore's integrated approach to water supply and demand management for solving the water crisis that the country had faced during the 70's. Now, Singapore has integrated the water infrastructure into its city to create resilient and multi-purpose infrastructure such as flood protection and recreational facility. We will also explore how Singapore leveraged private sector participation via PPPs to develop water supply infrastructure and dive into the details of a specific project to understand its intricacies including the project's structure and its payment mechanism. |
Oliver Redrup, Director, PwC |
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Case studies 15: PPP Viability for Mombasa, Kenya 2nd Nyali Bridge Mombasa is Kenya’s second biggest city and East Africa’s largest sea port. The existing Nyali Bridge was built in 1979 from the Government of Japan, and served the city for 35 years. It provided the only direct link between Mombasa North Coast Mainland and Mombasa Island. The 2nd Nyali Bridge was planned to reduce traffic congestion, and create a second direct access route; therefore, Mombasa explored a PPP for the development, operation, and maintenance of the bridge. Deloitte conducted a feasibility study to test the viability of PPP for the 2nd Nyali bridge project. |
Mark A. Smith, Managing Director, Deloitte U.S. |
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Case Study 16: PPPs for smart city infrastructure PPPs can be a very effective means of financing urban infrastructure. With cities increasingly leveraging smart technologies for their infrastructure build out it is important to understand how PPPs can be utilized to finance and deliver a part of the smart city rollout. The case will provide an introduction to PPPs in the urban context, evaluate the applicability of PPP in financing smart city infrastructure and highlight key challenges and best practices based on a real-life transaction from India. |
Paul Jacobson, Manager, McKinsey |
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Case Study 17: How to successfully leverage private capital in urban energy sector? 10 years of positive experience in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe We will discuss the best examples of how the cities, in cooperation with international institutions managed to attract private investors for urban energy sector – focusing on street lighting, waste to energy and energy efficiency projects. We will discuss the mechanisms used, major success factors and challenges to develop and finance such projects in emerging markets. In particular:
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Agnieszka Gajewska, Partner, PwC, Engagement Partner for World Bank City Resilience Program Jorge Sere, Partner, PwC Latin America Hub for World Bank City Resilience Program Lukasz Stanecki, PwC, Project Manager for World Bank City Resilience Program |
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17:00-20:00 |
Dinner Cruise on the Chao Phraya River |
*Breakout rooms – TBC
Day 4 (Thursday, July 12)
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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9:00-9:30 |
Introduction to Shark Tank activity On the final day, each city will be expected to make a pitch for private capital to a mock panel of potential investors who will weigh in, and ultimately decide which cities should get their money – cities will be introduced to the sharks and their areas of expertise |
Marc Forni | Presentation |
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9:30-10:30 |
What is the role of the financial advisors? Moderated panel discussion on the role of financial advisors to work with cities in their efforts to mobilize private capital followed by a Q&A |
Moderator: Sameh Wahba Discussants: Jorge Sere (PwC), Michael Flynn (Deloitte), Paul Jacobson (McKinsey) |
Panel Discussion |
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10:30-11:00 |
Tea break |
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11:00-11:30 |
What makes a compelling pitch? Cities will get a crash course in how to communicate a pitch efficiently and effectively, and will practice with each other through a large group activity |
Phil Karp |
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11:30-12:30 |
What does the buy-side look for? Investors will give lighting talks on what they are looking for when they invest in a project – this will be followed by a panel discussion and Q&A from the audience |
Moderator: Sameh Wahba Discussants: Agnieszka Gajewska (PwC), Ana Trujillo (IFC), Caroline Haynes (EIE), Private Investor, Mark Smith (Deloitte) |
Panel Discussion |
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12:30-13:30 |
Lunch |
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13:30-17:00 |
Preparation for Shark Tank Presentation Cities finalize their pitches/posters for Friday marketplace |
Cities finalize their pitches/posters for Friday marketplace |
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18:00 |
Poster Preparation Deadline |
*Free evening for participants
Day 5: Presentations
| Time | Subject | Speakers | Format |
|---|---|---|---|
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9:00-10:15 |
Shark Tank (First 5 Cities) Cities will present their investment projects to a mock panel of potential investors who will provide feedback |
Sharks: Each session will consist of three of the following: Ana Trujillo (IFC), Marc Forni (WB), Roland White (WB), Vijay Sarma (McKinsey), Caroline Haynes (EIE), Agnieszka Gajewska (PwC), Michael Flynn (Deloitte) Clients |
Presentation |
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10:15-10:45 |
Poster Session (First 5 Cities) Over the previous night the CRP team will have printed large posters out of each city’s presentations – cities can view other city’s projects and present their own in more detail to interested parties in an open space |
Moderator: Phil Karp Clients |
Poster session |
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10:45-11:00 |
Tea break |
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11:00-12:15 |
Shark Tank (Second 5 Cities) |
Sharks: TBC Clients |
Presentation |
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12:15-12:45 |
Poster Session (Second 5 Cities) |
Moderator: Phil Karp Clients |
Poster session |
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12:45-13:30 |
Lunch |
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13:30-14:45 |
Shark Tank (Third 5 Cities) |
Sharks: TBC Clients |
Presentation |
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14:45-15:15 |
Poster Session (Third 5 Cities) |
Moderator: Phil Karp Clients |
Poster session |
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15:15-15:30 |
Tea break |
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15:30-16:45 |
Shark Tank (Fourth 5 Cities) |
Sharks: TBC Clients |
Presentation |
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16:45-17:15 |
Poster Session (Fourth 5 Cities) |
Moderator: Phil Karp Clients |
Poster session |
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17:15-17:45 |
Awards ceremony and closing and introduction to CRP Phase II The panel of investors will weigh in and present the best pitches with prizes – information will also be provided on how cities can engage with the program going forward to help identify specific transactions and unlock private capital investment |
Marc Forni |
Presentation |
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19:00-20:30 |
Farewell Reception |
Conference Outputs
City Rapid Capital Assessments Results
A key feature of CRP is leveraging the WBG’s balance sheet to deliver greater resources to cities and boost bankability of cities’ capital investment programs in cities. This includes securing co-financing from other multilateral development banks and bilateral agencies and maximizing opportunities for crowding in private capital around each investment program.
For the purpose of this assignment, private sector participation in urban infrastructure investments is grouped into three primary modalities as follows:
- Direct lending to a government entity responsible for administering, provision and maintenance of public infrastructure (e.g., general obligation lending, such as through purchase of general obligations bond, as well as structured obligation lending and sub-sovereign commercial debt financing);
- Public-private partnerships (PPP)/concession that encompass various mechanisms of joint delivery of infrastructure projects with use of public and private funds.
- Land value capture, which is a broad set of transaction mechanisms that help public entities to capture land value increases associated with infrastructure upgrades.
The first step toward understanding opportunities and roadblocks for private capital investment in urban infrastructure requires analysis of baseline conditions for infrastructure financing. This indicative assessment represents an initial step for task teams in analyzing local conditions for unlocking private capital for urban infrastructure investment.
This assessment provides a high-level overview of the city on the basis of how respective national and subnational regulatory frameworks empower the city to access domestic and international capital markets, as well as understanding how national and local market fundamentals support leveraging private capital. Opportunities for attracting private capital financing are grouped into three main sources: direct lending from commercial sources, PPP/concessions structuring, and mobilizing equity through land-value capture.
This documents presents stop-lights charts for each city participating in the Assessment as well as cross-city summary, indicating prevalent color-coding and related scoring in each of the private sector mobilization modalities: bonds, bank loans, PPP/Concessions, and land-value capture.
Project Pitch Posters
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